San Marino is an enclaved microstate situated in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, bordering Italy to the east and south. With a total area of just over 60 square kilometers and a population of around 33,000, it's one of the smallest and most compact countries in Europe. Despite its tiny size, San Marino is a sovereign and independent nation, with its own constitution, government, and judiciary. In fact, it's one of the oldest republics in the world, dating back to the year 301 AD when it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus.
Expat destinations in San Marino
Demographics of San Marino:
Ethnic groups
San Marino is historically and culturally associated with the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, which explains the predominantly Italian population. The majority of citizens identify as White and have Italian origins, while ethnic minorities include Albanians, Macedonians, and Croats.
Languages
The official language is Sammarinese (a variety of Italian), although most people also speak Italian. As San Marino is part of the European Union, English is also commonly used, particularly in business and tourism.
Religion Overview
Although San Marino is a secular state, the vast majority of the population identifies as Roman Catholic. The religion was introduced to the area by Saint Francis of Assisi in the 13th century, and it remains an integral part of Sammarinese culture and identity.
Major Religions
Climate
San Marino has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Temperatures can rise as high as 32°C during the summer months, while winters average around 6°C.
Economy Overview
San Marino's economy is very small and relies heavily on tourism, financial services, industry, and agriculture. Due to its geography and resources, the country is also active in the shipping and transport sector.
Key Industries
- Tourism
- Financial services
- Industry (food processing, ceramics, yarn, and pharmaceuticals)
- Agriculture (specializing in viticulture and olive oil production)
Major Companies
- Banca di San Marino
- Zanini/Fabbro-Facchetti
- San Marino Telecom
- GECC-Multipress
- IPIC-Impresa di Produzion e Commercio della Pietra d'Oro
Culture and Language Overview
San Marino's culture is a unique blend of Italian and Sammarinese elements. The country still retains many of its traditional customs, such as the 'Castellania' (Castle Watch), in which three watchtower towers are manned by communal guards to ensure the country's safety.
Cultural Highlights
- San Marino's mediaeval townscape, particularly the walled hilltop capital of San Marino with its narrow, winding streets, historic buildings, and striking views of the surrounding countryside.
- San Marino's folk festivals, such as the Calendimaggio in April and the Feast of San Marinus in May, which celebrate traditional music, dance, and sporting events.
- The Piazza della Libertà, a bustling square in downtown San Marino filled with cafes, restaurants, shops, and historic landmarks.
- San Marino's cuisine, characterized by simple, hearty meals and products such as local meats and cheeses, olives, and wine.
- The Mount Titano Cable Car, providing thrilling panoramic views of the cityscape and surrounding countryside
Geography and Landmarks Overview
San Marino is situated on the eastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, between the regions of Emilia-Romagna and the Marche. Its geography is hilly and rural, characterized by rolling hills, forested valleys, and small villages.
Notable Landmarks
- The Three Towers of San Marino: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale
- The San Marino Foundation (Fondo Ambiente Italiano) nature reserve near Monte Giovo
- The Basilica of San Marinus (Basilica di San Marino) in the heart of the capital city
- The San Marino Cathedral (Duomo di San Marino) in the historic centre of San Marino city
- The San Marino Aquarium (Todi Aquario) in nearby Rimini
National Holidays
- January 1: New Year's Day
- March 18: Saint Joseph's Day
- May 3: Feast of San Marinus
- May 4: San Marinus Republic Day
- August 15: Assumption of the Virgin Mary
- November 1: All Saints' Day
- December 8: The Immaculate Conception
- December 25: Christmas Day
Political Stability
San Marino is a politically stable country, with a strong tradition of democracy, freedom of speech, and the rule of law. It features a parliamentary system of government, in which citizens elect members of parliament every five years. The country is also actively integrated into European institutions, participating in the Council of Europe and the Eurosystem.
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